• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an axial piston machine comprising a drive shaft, a drive unit connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner with one or more drive unit pistons received therein, the piston stroke of which is adjustable by a swash plate (6), at least one return spring acting on the swash plate and at least one actuating piston (22) an adjusting lever (21) is supported on the swashplate, characterized in that a first and / or second stop is provided for the adjusting piston to limit the pivoting angle of the swashplate, a first stop (24) passing through the bottom of the blind hole within the connection plate (11 ) is formed and / or a second stop is preferably formed by a flat overhang (25) of the housing in the area of the blind hole.
    公开号:CH716079A1
    申请号:CH01349/19
    申请日:2019-10-24
    公开日:2020-10-15
    发明作者:Angeloz Diedier；Del Aquila Marko
    申请人:Liebherr Machines Bulle Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to an axial piston machine comprising a drive shaft, an engine drum connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner with one or more engine pistons received therein, the piston stroke of which is adjustable by a swash plate.
    [0002] The term axial piston machine includes both an axial piston pump and an axial piston motor. A special type of axial piston machine is the swash plate machine, which comprises an engine in the form of an engine drum in which several engine pistons are axially displaceably mounted in corresponding cylinder bores of the engine. The drive unit is non-rotatably connected to the drive shaft of the axial piston machine, which is set in rotation by mechanical work, for example in the pump operating mode. In pump operation, from a certain starting position, the pistons perform a stroke movement parallel to the axis of rotation during half a revolution, in order to suck in hydraulic fluid from the low-pressure side, referred to in the following text as hydraulic oil for better readability, whereas the remaining half revolution of a full rotation around the axis of rotation is a lowering movement execute and thereby have brought the hydraulic oil previously sucked in to the high pressure level and the work output, ie to the high pressure side. In the motor operating mode, the operating principle is reversed in that a controlled pressure actuation of the engine piston generates a rotational movement of the drive unit. The stroke of the engine pistons is determined by the swivel angle of the swash plate, also known as the swivel cradle. When the drive shaft rotates, the engine pistons performing the lifting movement are constantly aligned parallel to the latter and are each pulled or pushed against the movement specified by the swash plate and the retraction plate with the aid of a sliding shoe that is hinged to the piston. The swash plate does not follow the rotary movement of the drive shaft, so that the sliding shoes attached to the piston perform a sliding movement on the surface of the swash plate facing the sliding shoes. The stroke of the engine pistons used can thus be adjusted via the swivel angle of the swashplate. The maximum stroke of the engine piston results from the maximum possible swivel angle of the swash plate. The minimum stroke of the engine piston results from the minimum possible swivel angle of the swash plate. There are also axial piston machines in which the so-called swiveling of the swash plate through the neutral position, the so-called mooring operation, is provided. There are also axial piston machines in which two actuating pistons act on the swash plate. At this point it should be pointed out that the invention can also be applied to such axial piston machines.
    The object of the present invention is to be seen in providing a suitable device for adjusting the swivel angle of the swash plate.
    This object is achieved by an axial piston machine according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the axial piston machine are the subject of the dependent claims.
    According to the invention it is now proposed for an axial piston machine known per se to provide at least one adjusting lever for adjusting the pivot angle of the swash plate, this lever being aligned almost parallel to the drive shaft and axially displaceable in the axial piston machine. The adjusting lever acts at the end on the swash plate, whereby a change in the pivoting angle of the swash plate can be effected by means of an axial movement of the adjusting lever.
    This provides a very simple and robust adjustment option for the built-in swash plate of the axial piston machine. The adjusting lever preferably extends from the swash plate approximately parallel to the drive shaft, reaching beyond the control plate and into the rear housing area. This makes it possible to install a possible actuating device for the adjusting lever at the rear end of the machine housing, which is usually designed as a separate component, which greatly simplifies the installation and replacement of such an actuating device. The adjusting lever preferably acts on the swash plate in the area of the outer circumference of the swash plate, in particular to create sufficient space for the drum-like engine. Compared to a conventional axial piston machine, the diameter of the drive mechanism drum and / or the control plate may have to be dimensioned smaller and / or the diameter of the swash plate has to be dimensioned larger. If the control plate has a reduced diameter, the control elements, in particular the control kidneys of the control plate, are inevitably placed closer to the drive shaft. The same applies to the piston bores inside the engine drum.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the adjusting lever is designed mirror-symmetrically to a transverse axis of the adjusting lever. A mirror-symmetrical design simplifies the installation of the control lever within the axial piston machine, since overall the risk of an incorrect installation position is eliminated. A construction of the adjusting lever that is completely rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the adjusting lever can also be advantageous.
    The attachment or connection of the adjusting lever to the swash plate is preferably achieved via a ball joint connection. It is preferred to form a ball head on the end of the adjusting lever on the swash plate side. The ball head pronounced there lies within a corresponding ball socket of the swash plate, in particular in the outer area of the swash plate.
    At the opposite end of the adjusting lever, an adjusting piston is attached according to a preferred embodiment, which provides a hydraulic effective surface for the hydraulically triggered actuation of the adjusting lever. Ideally, the actuating piston is mounted displaceably in the axial direction of the actuating lever within a bore in the machine housing that is matched to the actuating piston. A mounting of the actuating piston within the connection plate (see below) of the axial piston machine, in particular within a blind hole in the connection plate, is particularly preferred. In such an arrangement, the actuating chamber is then located in the end of the blind hole and thus in a hollow volume of the connection plate. The housing of an axial piston machine is usually designed in at least two parts, with the main housing part accommodating the drive mechanism drum, retraction plate, retraction ball, control plate, swash plate, etc., as well as accommodating the largest length of the drive shaft and at its rear end, i.e. is open in the area behind the control plate for assembly purposes. This housing opening is closed by the connection plate after the components have been installed.
    The connection between the actuating piston and the actuating lever can also take place via a ball-and-socket joint, the corresponding end of the actuating piston preferably being provided with a spherical head.
    On the contact surface between the actuating lever and the swash plate on the one hand and on the other hand on the contact surface between the actuating lever and the actuating piston, a surface treatment can be carried out during the manufacture of these components. The surface treatment of these contact surfaces can e.g. with the help of laser technology, which particularly affects hardening, coating and structuring. E.g. the contact surfaces of the spherical end regions of the control lever are laser-hardened and / or laser-structured, laser-coated and / or laser-structured, the structuring being able to promote the formation of oil pockets.
    To limit the maximum and the minimum pivot angle of the swash plate, at least one stop is provided for the actuating piston. The bottom of the blind hole within the connection plate preferably serves as a first stop. If the actuating piston is in this stop position, the maximum stroke of the engine piston is available. Another stop is achieved by a flat overhang of the main housing in the area of the blind hole. If the actuating piston is in this stop position, the minimum stroke of the engine piston is available. The amount of oil delivered by the axial piston pump is required to maintain self-lubrication and hydrostatic relief.A flat protrusion can also be used as a stop for the actuating piston, which is set back from the stop surface between the main housing and the connection plate in the direction of the main housing. This attachment option can enable an extended functional range, e.g. an increase in the swivel range in the same functional quadrant of the axial piston machine or the use of a further function in another functional quadrant, e.g. the mooring function.
    It is also conceivable that the end face of the actuating piston facing the bottom of the blind hole provides a certain cylindrical projection, in particular a central extension. The bottom of the blind hole is preferably not completely closed, but rather comprises a transition bore to the geometrically downstream receptacle for a control or regulating valve.
    The drilling axes of the blind hole and the transition bore are particularly preferably located on a common straight line. The length of the extension is dimensioned so that the actuating piston cannot be supported on the housing of the geometrically downstream control or regulating valve. A compression spring of the control valve can be supported on the central extension. In this embodiment, the control pressure can be provided for the effective area of the control piston via a control or regulating valve.
    [0015] Further advantages and properties of the invention are to be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:<tb> <SEP> Figure 1: a longitudinal section along the drive shaft through the axial piston machine according to the invention,<tb> <SEP> Figure 2: a detailed view of the upper half of the axial piston machine in the area of the control lever and<tb> <SEP> Figure 3a: a detailed view of the actuating piston in a first end stop position and shown second stop position,<tb> <SEP> FIG. 3b: a detailed view of the actuating piston in a first end stop position and the alternative shown for a second stop position<tb> <SEP> FIG. 4: Top view of a schematic representation of the axial piston machine according to the invention
    [0016] FIG. 1 shows an axial longitudinal section through the axial piston machine according to the invention. The invention is described below using an axial piston pump, but it is explicitly pointed out that the features of the invention according to the invention can also be used in an axial piston motor without restriction. It is also pointed out that the features according to the invention can also be used for an axial piston machine which can work in a multi-quadrant operation.
    On the drive shaft 1, an engine drum 2 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner, in which a plurality of engine pistons 3 are inserted into cylinder bores 4 in the manner of a drum revolver. The engine pistons 3 are each supported on the swash plate 6 via a sliding shoe 5. The swash plate is supported on the main housing 8 via a compression spring 7. When the drive shaft 1 rotates, the engine pistons 3 slide by means of their sliding blocks 5 over the sliding surface of the swash plate 6 and, depending on the swivel angle of the swash plate 6, the engine pistons 3 move in a reciprocating motion, depending on the operating mode of the axial piston machine, i.e. pump or motor operation thereby generating hydraulic energy or mechanical power.
    A retaining device ensures that the running surfaces of the sliding shoes 5 of the engine pistons 3 do not lose contact with the sliding surface of the swash plate 6 even during their suction phase. The restraint device consists i.a. from a retraction plate 10 and the retraction ball 9 sitting coaxially on the drive shaft 1. The latter is pressed by a spring 12 to the left in the plane of the drawing in the direction of the swash plate 6 and is supported on the retraction plate 10. As a result, the retraction plate 10 is in constant contact with the sliding blocks 5 and presses their running surfaces onto the swash plate 6. The engine drum 4 is pressed in the direction of the control plate 13 by the central spring 12.
    The stroke of the engine piston 3 is predetermined by the pivot angle of the swash plate 6, which can be changed via an adjusting device 20 during operation.The adjusting lever 21 has a spherical end region on both sides, with one side of the adjusting lever 21 forming a ball joint connection with the swash plate 6 and the other side with the adjusting piston 22. The adjusting lever 21 can be rotationally symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal axis and / or be designed mirror-symmetrically with respect to a vertical axis. The adjusting lever 21 extends in the axial direction from the swash plate 6 over the control plate 13 and into a blind hole 11a, which is located inside the connection plate 11 and in which the adjusting piston 22 is guided.A control or regulating valve 30 can be accommodated within the connection plate 11.
    The spherical control lever end opposite the swash plate 6 forms a ball-and-socket joint with the spherical recess in the control piston 22. The actuating piston 22 is mounted in an axially displaceable manner within the blind hole 11a of the connection plate 11. On its end face opposite the spherical recess, the piston 22 has a small cylindrical extension 23 on which a compression spring of the control valve 30 can be supported.
    To limit the adjustment movement for the swash plate 6, two stops for the actuating piston 22 in the region of the blind hole 11a. A first stop 24 for limiting the maximum pivoting angle is formed by the bottom of the blind hole 11a, so that here the maximum insertion path of the adjusting lever 21 into the blind hole 11a is limited. A second stop for the actuating piston 22 to limit the minimum pivoting angle is formed by a flat projection 25 or 25a of the machine housing 8 in the area of the blind hole 11a.
    The arrangement described enables the overall length of the connection plate 11 to be used to accommodate the control or regulating valve 30. This can be inserted or screwed into the connection plate 11 from the outside, so that the valve 30 can be easily replaced.
    Further advantages of the structural arrangement:
    As a result of the slight change in the angle of the adjusting lever 21 relative to the central axis of the adjusting piston 22, an almost transverse force-free power transmission in the area of the adjusting piston 22 is achieved. The immersion of the spherical area of the adjusting lever 21 into the inner area of the adjusting piston 22 also contributes to this.An adjusting lever 21 with two identical spherical end regions facilitates assembly.The tribology in the functional area of the ball-and-socket joint connections between the adjusting lever 21 and the adjusting piston 22 and also the swash plate 6 can be further improved by supplying hydraulic oil. If a tubular material is used for the adjusting lever 21, the ball and socket joint connection in the area of the swash plate 6 can also be supplied with hydraulic oil in a simple way.Materials such as plastic, brass, aluminum or aluminum alloys can also be used for the adjusting lever 21, taking into account the friction behavior, the weight and the costs.The uniform loading of the swash plate bearing 40 due to the forces from the adjustment device 20 introduced centrally to the bearing points is also advantageous.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Axial piston machine comprising a drive shaft, a cylinder drum connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner with one or more engine pistons accommodated therein, the piston stroke of which is adjustable by a swash plate, with at least one return spring acting on the swash plate and at least one actuating piston being supported on the swash plate via an adjusting lever, thereby characterized in that a first and / or second stop is provided for the actuating piston to limit the swivel angle of the swash plate, a first stop being formed by the bottom of the blind hole within the connection plate and / or a second stop preferably by a flat protrusion 25 or 25a of the housing is formed in the area of the blind hole.
    [2]
    2. Axial piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the actuating piston is aligned almost parallel to the drive shaft axis in each functional position of the actuating piston and that the at least one actuating piston is guided in a bore in the connection plate.
    [3]
    3. Axial piston machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the drive shaft axis, the longitudinal axis of the actuating piston and the longitudinal axis of the actuating lever are located on a plane E1.
    [4]
    4. Axial piston machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive shaft axis, the longitudinal axis of the actuating piston, the longitudinal axis of the actuating lever and the central axis course of the at least one return spring are almost on a plane E1.
    [5]
    5. Axial piston machine according to claim 3 to 4, characterized in that the drive shaft axis, the longitudinal axis of the actuating piston, the longitudinal axis of the actuating lever, the central axis course of the at least one return spring and the central axis of a control or regulating valve are almost on a plane E1.
    [6]
    6. Axial piston machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the control or regulating valve is arranged coaxially to the actuating piston and / or that the control or regulating valve is located in the same housing part as the actuating piston.
    [7]
    7. Axial piston machine according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the drive shaft axis, the longitudinal axis of the actuating piston, the longitudinal axis of the actuating lever, the central axis course of the at least one return spring and the central axis of a control or regulating valve are almost on a plane E1 and the Level E1 runs almost centrally to the swashplate mounting.
    [8]
    8. Axial piston machine according to claim 4 to 7, characterized in that the actuating lever enables approximately parallel functional positions to the drive shaft axis and / or approximately coaxial functional positions to the actuating piston axis, preferably an angular deviation from the respective axis of less than 3 °, preferably less than 2 ° and particularly preferably less than 1 ° is made possible.
    [9]
    9. Axial piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting lever is designed to be rotationally symmetrical and / or mirror-symmetrical to a transverse axis of the adjusting lever.
    [10]
    10. Axial piston machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the adjusting lever has a spherical end region on both sides, a spherical end region with a spherical recess in the adjusting piston forming a ball joint connection and the spherical end region of the adjusting lever at least up to its equator and in particular beyond its equator protrudes into the interior of the actuating piston.
    [11]
    11. Axial piston machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the control lever undergoes a surface treatment, at least in the contact area of the ball joint connections with the control piston and the swivel cradle, which in particular relates to hardening, coating and structuring, with one or more methods of laser technology being used in particular.
    [12]
    12. Axial piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting lever can be made of plastic, brass, aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20200318481A1|2020-10-08|
    CN111828275A|2020-10-27|
    DE102020109200A1|2020-10-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3256830A|1964-03-16|1966-06-21|Budzich Tadeusz|Pressure compensator unloading control|
    JPH0571528A|1991-09-12|1993-03-23|Hitachi Ltd|Mechanical transmission using ball joint and compressor using it|
    US5304043A|1992-09-29|1994-04-19|Avmed Compressor Corporation|Multiple axis rotary compressor|
    CN105673375B|2016-02-24|2017-12-08|湖北仁创科技有限公司|A kind of digital control water hydraulic Variable plunger pump|
    CH714321A1|2017-11-11|2019-05-15|Liebherr Machines Bulle Sa|Adjusting device for an axial piston machine.|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102019109180|2019-04-08|
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